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Phenotypic plasticity

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  • Pfennig DW et al. (2010) Phenotypic plasticity’s impacts on diversification and speciation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 25: 459–467 

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  • Hollander J (2008) Testing the grain-size model for the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Evolution 62: 1381–1389

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  • Pigliucci M (2001) Phenotypic plasticity, beyond nature and nurture. John Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore, MD

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  • West-Eberhard MJ (2003) Developmental Plasticity and Evolution. Oxford, UK, Oxford Univ. Press

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  • Appleton RD and AR Palmer (1988) Water-borne stimuli released by predatory crabs and damaged prey induce more predator-resistant shells in a marine gastropod. PNAS 85: 4387–4391

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  • Brönmark C and JG Miner (1992) Predator-induced phenotypical change in body morphology in crucian carp. Science 258: 1348–1350

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  • De Jong G (2005) Evolution of phenotypic plasticity: patterns of plasticity and the emergence of ecotypes. New Phytol. 166: 101–117

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  • DeWitt TJ and SM Scheiner (2004) Phenotypic plasticity: functional and conceptual approaches. Oxford Univ. Press, New York

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  • Gabriel W and M Lynch (1992) The selective advantage of reaction norms for environmental tolerance. J. Evol. Biol. 5: 41–59

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  • Lande R and S Shannon (1996) The role of genetic variation in adaptation and population persistence in a changing environment. Evolution 50:434–437.

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  • Levins R (1968) Evolution in changing environments. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ

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  • Bourdeau PEand F Johansson (2012) Predator-induced morphological defences as by-products of prey behaviour. Oikos 121: 1175–1190

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  • Bourdeau PE (2009) Prioritized phenotypic responses to combined predators in a marine snail. Ecology 90: 1659–1669

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  • Bourdeau PE (2010) An inducible morphological defence is a passive by-product of behaviour in a marine snail. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B 277: 455–462

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  • Hollander J, Bourdeau PE (2016) Evidence of weaker phenotypic plasticity by prey to novel cues from non-native predators. Ecology and Evolution 6: 5358–5365.

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  • Bourdeau PE, Butlin RK, Brönmark C, Edgell TC, Hoverman JT, Hollander J (2015) What can aquatic gastropods tell us about phenotypic plasticity? A review and meta-analysis. Heredity 115: 312–321

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  • Bourdeau PE (2011) Constitutive and inducible defensive traits in co-occurring marine snails distributed across a vertical rocky intertidal gradient. Functional Ecology 25: 177–185.

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  • Palumbi SR (1984) Tactics of acclimation: morphological changes of sponges in an unpredictable environment. Science 225: 1478–1480

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  • Palumbi SR (1986) How body plans limit acclimation: responses of a demosponge to wave force. Ecology 67: 208–214

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  • Pigliucci M (1996) How organisms respond to environmental changes: from phenotypes to molecules (and vice versa). Trends Ecol. Evol. 11: 168–173

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  • Scheiner SM (1998) The genetics of phenotypic plasticity. VII. Evolution in a spatially-structured environment. J. Evol. Biol. 11: 303–320

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  • Scheiner SM (1993) Genetics and evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 24: 35-68

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  • Schlichting CD and M Pigliucci (1998) Phenotypic evolution: a reaction norm perspective. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA

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  • Adams DC and ML Collyer (2009) A general framework for the analysis of phenotypic trajectories in evolutionary studies. Evolution 63: 1143–1154

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  • Schlichting CD (1986) The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in plants. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 17: 667–693

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  • Sultan SE (2000) Phenotypic plasticity for plant development, function and life history. Trends Plant Sci. 5: 537–542

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  • Sultan SE and HG Spencer (2002) Metapopulation structure favors plasticity over local adaptation. Am. Nat. 160: 271–283

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  • Tufto J (2000) The evolution of plasticity and non spatial and temporal adaptations in the presence of imperfect environmental cues. Am. Nat. 156: 121–130 

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  • van Tienderen PH (1991) Evolution of generalists and specialists in spatially heterogeneous environments. Evolution 45: 1317–1331

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  • Via S and R Lande (1985) Genotype-environment interaction and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Evolution 39: 505–522

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  • Trussell GC (1996) Phenotypic plasticity in an intertidal snail: the role of a common crab predator. Evolution 50: 448–454

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  • Whitman D and TN Ananthakrishnan (2008) Phenotypic plasticity in insects: mechanisms and consequences. Science Publisher, US

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  • Edgell TC and R Rochette (2009) Prey-induced changes to a predator behaviour and morphology: Implications for shell-claw covariance in the northwest Atlantic. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 382 :1–7

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  • Price TD, Qvarnström A and DE Irwin (2003) The role of phenotypic plasticity in driving genetic evolution. Proc R Soc Lond B 270: 1433-1440

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  • Ghalambor CK, McKay JK, Carroll SP and DN Reznick (2007) Adaptive versus non-adaptive phenotypic plasticity and the potential for contemporary adaptation in new environments. Func Ecol 21: 394–407

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  • Reznick DN (1990) Plasticity in age and size at maturity in male guppies (Poecilia reticulata): an experimental evaluation of alternative models of development. J Evol Biol 3: 185–203

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  • Smith LD and Palmer AR (1994) Effects of manipulated diet on size and performance of brachyuran crab claw. Science 264: 710–712

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  • Lively CM (1999) Developmental strategies in spatially variable environments: barnacle shell dimorphism and strategic models of selection. In The ecological and evolution of inducible defenses. Edited by: Tollrian R, Harvell CD. Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press 

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  • Moran NA (1992) The evolutionary maintenance of alternative phenotypes. Am Nat 139: 971–989

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  • Gotthard K and S Nylin (1995) Adaptive plasticity and plasticity as an adaptation: a selective review of plasticity in animal morphology and life history. Oikos 74: 3–17

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  • Kingsolver JG, Hoekstra HE, Hoekstra JM, Vignieri C, Berrigan D, Hill E, Hoang A, Gilbert P and P Beerli (2001) The strength of phenotypic selection in natural populations. Am Nat 157: 245–261

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  • Wund MA, Baker JA, Clancy B, Golub JL and Foster SA (2008) A test of the “flexible stem” model of evolution: ancestral plasticity, genetic accommodation, and morphological divergence in the threespine stickleback radiation. Am Nat 172: 449–462 

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  • Relyea RA (2002) Costs of phenotypic plasticity. Am Nat 159: 272–282

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  • Etter RJ (1989) Life history variation in the intertidal snail Nucella lapillusacross a wave-exposure gradient. Ecology 1989, 70: 1857–1876

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  • Trussell GC and LD Smith (2000) Induced defenses in response to an invading crab predator: an explanation of historical and geographic phenotypic change. PNAS 97: 2123-2127

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